As a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient who has been through a clinical trial that included a long lasting immunosuppressive therapy, I think Digital Twins work is quite applicable here in narrowing down metrics and validating them:
There are several YouTubes of this conference for more detail, as well.
IgRT (Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapies) such as IVIG (IntraVenous ImmunoGlobulin) and SCIG (SubCutaneous ImmunoGlobulin) are insanely expensive (>US $15K/month). Infections can lead to even more expensive hospitalizations. Identifying the most at risk of infection would be really helpful here. But all we have to go on is a century-old blood count and a more recent IgG count. Many patients do just fine despite low levels of neutrophils and IgG, while others get pneumonias despite normal levels.
During the pandemic, I did Adpative Biotechnologies T-Detect, a qualitative TCR (T-cell Receptor) massive sequencing test. It has not become a product, however. As part of my leukemia trial, I did Adaptive Biotechnologies ClonoSEQ massive BCR (B-cell Receptor) test to track my CLL clones. It also reports on unique BCR clones, which I find useful in observing B-cell recovery from therapy. Their sequencing technology and databses could be very useful in epitope and risk analysis at the patient level.
Finally, I'd like to put in a vote for cytokine blood panel studies. Even though many infections are local, with a corresponding local cytokine population. there are systemic effects as well that may answer ancient questions about additional symptoms such as fatique, body aches, and headaches.
As a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient who has been through a clinical trial that included a long lasting immunosuppressive therapy, I think Digital Twins work is quite applicable here in narrowing down metrics and validating them:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10873299/
Forum on immune digital twins: a meeting report
NPJ Syst Biol Appl. 2024; 10: 19.
There are several YouTubes of this conference for more detail, as well.
IgRT (Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapies) such as IVIG (IntraVenous ImmunoGlobulin) and SCIG (SubCutaneous ImmunoGlobulin) are insanely expensive (>US $15K/month). Infections can lead to even more expensive hospitalizations. Identifying the most at risk of infection would be really helpful here. But all we have to go on is a century-old blood count and a more recent IgG count. Many patients do just fine despite low levels of neutrophils and IgG, while others get pneumonias despite normal levels.
During the pandemic, I did Adpative Biotechnologies T-Detect, a qualitative TCR (T-cell Receptor) massive sequencing test. It has not become a product, however. As part of my leukemia trial, I did Adaptive Biotechnologies ClonoSEQ massive BCR (B-cell Receptor) test to track my CLL clones. It also reports on unique BCR clones, which I find useful in observing B-cell recovery from therapy. Their sequencing technology and databses could be very useful in epitope and risk analysis at the patient level.
Finally, I'd like to put in a vote for cytokine blood panel studies. Even though many infections are local, with a corresponding local cytokine population. there are systemic effects as well that may answer ancient questions about additional symptoms such as fatique, body aches, and headaches.